INTELLIGENT USE OF THE AVN/MRF

Understanding the performance of an  operational model is critical to being able to forecast the sensible weather

Why models have forecast problems

The T126 version of the Avn does not have sufficient resolution to adequately depict the rain shadow east of the Cascades.  A forecaster needs to know the climatology of precipitation during certain flow regimes.

The way the physics are approximated can lead to model errors, for example

AVN/MRF APPROXIMATED PHYSICS

A NUMBER OF AVN/MRF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS HAVE CHANGED IN THE PAST YEAR.

LATEST AVN/MRF CHANGES

AVN/MRF Still Often Has Problems Handling Upslope Events

About 75% of the AVN Rainfall Over the OK Panhandle Was Grid-scale Precipitation (Not Convection).

Another Case: AVN Wraps Low Too Far North And West. Both Surface and 500 mb Lows Are Too Deep.

Aviation Model handling of 500 mb trough

BIAS COMPARISON OF 12-36 HR MRF AND EARLY ETA FORECASTS

The MRF and MRFX spin-up precipitation bombs and tropical systems erroneously at all time ranges.

MRF PRECIPITATION
Convective - dashed
Gridscale - solid green
(inches -Vs- time)

BEFORE 7/21                AFTER 7/21

MRF RELATIVE HUMIDITY
(pressure -Vs- time)


BEFORE 7/21                AFTER 7/21

MRF THETA-E
 (pressure -Vs- time)
BEFORE 7/21                  AFTER 7/21

After the change

During Oct-Feb 1999, the AVN/MRF now had a bias of

During OCT-JAN 1999 4 INCH OR GREATER ISOHYETS

SINCE THE CHANGES IN JUNE AND JULY,  THE ETA BIAS FOR HEAVY AMOUNTS HAS DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY

One of the typical errors of the AVN is to predict convective systems too far north

The AVN/MRF may be right on the synoptic scale features but cannot handle outflow boundaries, etc.

Despite these problems, the AVN model was the best model during the winter

LOWS TO THE LEE OF THE ROCKIES

The AVN broke continuity on this forecast being much faster than previous runs or models from other centers

If the 500 forecast is poor,  the surface forecast will also be corrupted.  Note that surface low in the plains is too deep and far north on the forecast.

THE NGM AND AVN/MRF HAVE SERIOUS PROBLEMS WITH ARCTIC AIRMASSES

Why models have problems with arctic airmasses

MRF PERFORMANCE FOR 3-5 DAY FORECASTS

MRF PERFORMACE FOR 3-5 DAY FORECASTS (CONT)

A VERIFICATION OF THE 500 H FORECASTS FOR DAY 4

 HIGH DAILY VARIABILITY IS WEATHER PATTERN DEPENDENT.  THE ECMWF IS BEST AT 500 MB BUT CAN HAVE SOME BAD MSLP FORECASTS

Slide 34

You need to know the characteristics of the MRF MOS guidance. Stations included in MOS

MOS verification for Northwest (left) and northern Plains (right)

Verification of MOS POPS for Great Lakes Region (top) and Northeast (bottom)

Southwest (left), Southern Plains (right), Southeast (bottom left) and Mid Atantic/Oh Valley (lower right)

NUMBER OF DAYS WHEN THE TEMPERATURE ERROR WAS 8 DEGREES OR GREATER ON DAY 4

THE PERCENT OF THE NUMBER OF DAYS (JAN-MAR) HPC FORECASTERS REDUCE THE ERROR BELOW 8 DEGREES F

THE AVN HAS PERFORMED MUCH BETTER SINCE GOING BACK TO T126